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Evidence of Prehistoric existence has been found in the limestone caves at Cresswell Craggs. There are numerous Bronze Age burial burrows and stone circles. The largest and better preserved being at Arbor Low, south-east of Buxton It is thought that the origin of Derby may belong to prehistoric times and developed as a strategic point on the River Derwent, where it was possible to cross it by ford. The Derwent was renowned for flooding which made the river impassable and so the travellers and merchants congregated and eventually settled on its banks. In the 1st and 2nd centuries the Roman armies controlled the area and established their stronghold at what is now known as Little Chester. Two centuries later the Romans left and the area came under the rule of the Saxons, as part of their Kingdom of Mercia. The Saxons developed this area having created a settlement nearby, which is now known as Markeaton. Many local district and road names date back to these early times. Facts regarding Derby collected by the commissioners of William the Conqueror are recorded in the Domesday Book. Large areas of land of what now constitutes Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire were granted to William Peveril. This land was latter passed to the crown following the disinheritance of his son for having poisoned the Earl of Chester. The 18th century saw the rise of the Industrial Revolution and many renowned local Industrialists, such as Arkwright, emerged. They created the turning point from what was until then a largely rural economy, to the development of townships based on factory production methods. Mining has long been a part of Derbyshire life over the years. The Peak District offers the visitor varying kinds of countryside to explore - dales and valleys, rock faces and caves, rolling hills and meadows rivers and streams There are few places in Great Britain that can compare with the Peak District National Park. There are over 50 species of plants per square metre thriving in the Derbyshire Dales. The vast woodlands create a wonderful landscape, with clusters of native oak readily scattered creating a beautiful canopy for the habitats beneath. The area is rich in birds, amphibians, insects and other animals, in fact, the Peak District is one of the most important places in Europe for many species of birds. The area is increasingly facing many pressures from agriculture, where food production is taking precedence over conservation. There are many organisations, like the Peak District National Park Authority, who are working continually to maintain and enhance the area's natural beauty. YOU the tourist can help maintain this cause by treating the countryside and it's wildlife with respect, and by ensuring that you leave everything as you found it. Derbyshire is renowned for being a hugely diverse county with town and city nestled in breathtaking countryside with industry and leisure working hand in hand. The county's premier city is Derby, which although steeped in history, is one of Britain's youngest cities, being awarded its Charter by Her Majesty the Queen in 1977. |